* The Mahal program is for young non-Israeli Jews (men younger than 24 and women younger than 21). The program consists typically of 14 1/2 months of IDF service, including a lengthy training for those in combat units or 1 month of non-combat training and additional 3 months of learning Hebrew after enlisting, if necessary. Volunteering for longer service is possible. There are also two subcategories of Mahal, both geared solely for religious men: Mahal Nahal Haredi - 14 1/2 months, and Mahal Hesder, which combines yeshiva study of 6 1/2 months with IDF service of 14 1/2 months (for a total of 21 months). Similar IDF programs exist for Israeli overseas residents.
* Sar-El is a program for non-Israeli citizens, Jews and non-Jews, who are 16 years or older. It usually consists of three weeks of volunteer service on different rear army bases, doing non-military work.
* Garin Tzabar is a program mainly for Israelis who emigrated with their parents to the United States at a young age. Although a basic knowledge of the Hebrew language is not mandatory, it is helpful. Of all the programs listed, only Garin Tzabar does not offer a less than full length service in the IDF. The program is set up in stages: first the participants go through five seminars in the country of origin, and then one has the absorption period in Israel at a Kibbutz. Each Garin is adopted by a Kibbutz in Israel and has living quarters designated for the Garin. The Garin shares responsibilities on the Kibbutz when on military leave. Participants start the program 3 months before being enlisted in the army at the beginning of August.
منظومة القيادة في الجيش الاسرائيلي
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