Book Review: How was the invention of the Jewish people
There is no presence of the Jews as a people, this is the essence of the book "How was the invention of the Jewish people?" (Issued by the House Fallar in Paris) of the historian and university professor, "Israel" Shlomo Sand, which was based on a set of circumstances most ancient and religious, in order to prove his point which was subjected to severe criticism and contempt by the Zionists.
Wrote one critic, author of "How was the invention of the Jewish people?" As follows: "Everyone remembers that some Almlfozat Scandals: only a rumor coming from Europe to the gas chambers never existed, while the second rumor coming from the Arab world say that the Jewish temple in Jerusalem from the invention of the Zionist settlers, although the Koran describes Jesus he prayed, standing. but with the century to come, which announces himself as scary to see that these are only Alnvien Tveselin.
Book Shlomo Sand, "How was the invention of the Zionist people, from the Torah to Zionism," solve the issue once and for all. The Jewish people does not exist: What a divine surprise ", there is no greater simplification of this book, its pages sprinkled with references, references and sources of value. Deployment Information:
Book Title: How was the invention of the Jewish people. Authors: Shlomo Sand. Publisher: Dar Fallar, Paris. Translation and presentation: Bashir al-Bakr. Number of Pages: 446 pages.
The Invention of the Jewish People Order it Now from Amazon 
Jews did not constitute a day ethnic carrier for the origin and Ahdbiv this author criticizing Shlomo Sand: "It is useful to play the role of the archaeological to make the Western Wall, an extension of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, because if the Jewish people is only an invention in the nineteenth century under Alparadigm west of the state - the nation, if issue and found a solution. Some people are able to conclude that it is natural for the people does not exist to invent myths to the end to confirm the existence of a spurious ".
Coming Shlomo Sand, this question is embarrassing, which generates a generic set of questions, which could destabilize the official view, which brought the Jews to the ranks of the vision of God: How was the invention of the Jewish people?
Will it be the Jewish people? To this question is trying to make a new answer. Contrary to popular notion, the Jews of the diaspora were not born the expulsion of the Hebrews from Palestine, but from the Judaization of sequence in North Africa and southern Europe and the Middle East. Which shook the foundations of Zionist thinking, who wants to convince us that the Jews are the sons of the Kingdom of David and not the heirs of the Berber warriors or Khazar horsemen. Identity, movement and land Moaudpeptdi book from the author's recognition that this is not purely Tkhieli never work. "It aspires to be a book with a historical character," however, goes, several Mgyat fueled by memories of the imagination the same as giving some freedom to some degree, the writer reviews some of the stories about the families who brought the Zionist movement in order to build a state "of Israel." And filled Balnuadr which reveals that the Jewish character of the state was not at all clear, especially since many of the new arrivals were Christians, many of whom were atheists and anarchists.
Interestingly, the author reviews the dialogue between the user Jew in occupied Palestine and expatriate New Spain. Asks the user a newcomer: Q: Are you a Jew?
I never did not let the Jews. * You must change what appears on the card of your identity.
There was no problem, do that. * Of any nationality are you?
(Reluctantly) the nationality of the "Israeli". * Impossible, this does not exist. Said user. And why?
* Because there is no national identity "Israeli". Tell me where were you born?
In Barcelona. * If you are the nationality of Ispainp? User said, smiling. Not. I'm not Spain. I am Catalan, and I refuse to be a documentary as a Ispain. I have fought for this reason with my father in years thirties.
Knit user ignorant forehead, did not have historical information, but I respect people: "So, we will write:" Nationality Catalan " The person's reply was: "Amazing." Making fun of the author of this behavior and comments: "This was" Israel "the first country in the world recognizes, officially, Catalan nationality." User accountability continue to newcomer: * Now, what is your religion, sir?
I am an atheist. * I can not write this. State of "Israel" did not expect this selection. What is the religion of your mother?
When she left, she was still a Catholic. * If you write: "Christian religion," said the user, with satisfaction.
The response of connecting the new was sharp and firmly: "I do not want a national identity card written on the back that I am a Christian. Not only because it's contrary to my convictions, but also abuses the memory of my father, who was chaotic and burned many of the churches during the civil war," and follow the researcher reviewed the reminiscences and his wits are talking to us about two people from the other party, Palestinian Arab, any of the "local population", as some describe. Both men, named Mahmoud. Born in Jaffa year 1945, not destiny fate of those who were expelled to Gaza, and emerged with others in the "alleys poor town which was settled in full by Jewish immigrants. Unlike their relatives in the Triangle and the Galilee, the Palestinians in Jaffa have been isolated and few in number" The number of indigenous people was a little so that he could not develop a culture of independent, and the new population of immigrants refused to integrate. "and here it was the Communist Party," Israel "is the only recourse," To get out of the ghetto Arab Jaffa. "
Thanks to the Communist Party and ideological upbringing Mahmoud relationship associated with a strong friendship with a Jew and his family that he would have called "Moshe", but named Mahmoud. And was sometimes deceived by a lot of sellers are Jews, but quickly regains his name "Mahmoud" when he feels a wound to pride.
Fortunately Mahmoud, because of his Arab, had not been called up for military service in what was called his friend, a Jew. But a friend came out of the Jewish military service more involved in life, "Israel", which was forced to emigrate to Mahmoud many European countries before settling in Stockholm and stops, a long time ago on the dream of days to respond to those calls as "Moshe".
The Mahmud II, who reminded him of the author, was born in a small village, no longer exist, now, in 1941. In 1948 became a refugee, the family fled to Lebanon, but after a year, has managed the family on the night of torrid to sneak back to Palestine, it landed with relatives in a new village in the Galilee. And so it was Mahmud, and during many years, is one of the "present - absent" by the authorities, "Israel." That is why he, a boy, obsessed with dreams and imagination shine, who did not stop witness to his teachers and his companions. As he did, "Mahmoud," I, he joined the Communist Party of Mahmud II, "Israel" and became a journalist and poet. And went to live in the city of Haifa, which was then the largest city of mixed Jewish and Arab, "Israel." In the year, 1964 has issued a bold poem entitled "Identity Card" Hamas ignited an entire generation of Arabs. "Register, I am an Arab, My number fifty thousand, .... Etc. " End up Mahmoud, who is here the late great Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish, until "Israel", or occupied Palestine, as opposed to the various, from Arab to European, before returning to the West Bank. Was allowed after the signing of the Oslo Accords to return to Ramallah. And refused to allow him to return to "Israel" only once during the funeral of a friend. "But he was not carrying explosives was able, then, do some additional happen at the flash."
Here are pictures of the new Jewish state, but also recognizes the pervasive Zionist author, and therefore write the history of a real or a different date for the official remains a difficult issue. "The history of a new Jewish, away from the prism glass Zionist, not an easy undertaking. The light that break down when receiving uninterrupted color ethnic strong central government. Must be to the reader to know this fact: This study is a thesis believes that the Jews have always comprised the religious groups the task of emerged or stabilized in various regions of the world, but it did not constitute a carrier for the same ethnic origin, the sole, which can be moved during the wandering and exile permanent. not about the facts of the incidents here, but essentially a critique of the historical speech usual.
This leads from time to time, to provide three Mgyat alternative. The development of copyright in the question posed by the head of Marcel Detiaan, in his book: "How can we be indigenous people?" (Dar Swe Paris 2003) is: "How can the dismantling of national dates patriotism?" How can we stop frequenting the same roads, paved, for the most part, with materials crossed, in the past, the dreams of nationalism?
Evoked by a variety of theories about the state of the nation, he says, "The birth of a nation is of course the path of truly historic, but not the phenomenon of spontaneous in a net. In order to strengthen the sense of the abstract to meet the group, the nation was in need, such as the congregation before it, the rituals and festivals , ceremonies and legends. In order to define itself and melt in the heart of one entity, are in need of public cultural activities and continuous addition to the invention of a collective memory standard.
A new set of standards and practices were also essential for the formation of dead - an awareness of, what kind of a unifying ideology, which is a national doctrine. "The author finds that" the disruption caused by the update separate humans from the immediate past. Ease of movement caused by industrialization and urbanization not only break the solid social typesetting of the old regime, but also broke the continuity of traditional circular and between past, present and future. Agricultural producers were not to have a special need to the history of kingdoms and empires and the UAE. Did not need to date an expanded groups that do not have any interest in time the abstract is not linked to perceived their lives. Deprived of vision development, they are just Bmkhial religious component of the mosaic of memories, without a real concept of movement within the time. Beginning and the end were identical, and immortality was used as bridge between life and death.
Volatile in the modern world and the secular, became the time the main focus for the conduct of the symbolic imagination emotional social awareness. Time in the historic dimension of transformation to a intimate of personal identity and collective narrative planning grant is significant for national existence, which awarded the victims of numerous requests. The suffering of the past justify the price required by the citizens in the present. The Championship is the times that have nothing to bright future, if not for the individual, at least, in certain, for the nation.The national idea has become, with the assistance of historians, ideologically optimistic by nature. Hence comes, in particular, its success. "
The dream in the state meant an important stage of development of writers of history as it means the path of modernization. These dreams started to unravel in the break-up towards the end of the twentieth century. He has a growing number of historians to analyze and explain and "dismantle" Mahkiat Grand National and in particular the common origin myths, which was packed, to that time, the facts of the past. Is it not useful to add that the secularization of history took place under the effects of the rise of cultural globalization that forms six Boss unexpected in the total Western world?
The nightmares Alhoiatip give the place yesterday, today, the dreams of other identity. And along the lines of each character is made of the identities and diverse Mnsabp, history, too, the identity of mobile. And spoken to the reader that our proposed lighting, this human dimension and social buried in the depths of history.
The waged in the history of the Jews in particular away from Mahkiat accepted so far. This does not mean, of course, that he (date) or deprived of self that the author believed himself free from all ideological deviation. That, any author, wishes, in a deliberate, to provide brief descriptions of the history of anti-will come, perhaps, in the creation of a vaccine Makrati of a new type. Any memory and conscious of the fact that relative and her carrier, which envisages the identities of local meat in the process of forming, a comprehensive and critical awareness of the past, in New Tail.
In the first chapter, entitled "the industry of nations. Sovereignty and equality" quotes author Bmwlven each of Etienne Balibar (Figure nation: history and ideology, 1988) and Leah Grnfeild (National. Ways five towards modernity, 1992). Says Balibar: "There is no nation has naturally ethnic base, but on how much a nation, the social forms of people who Thtwem, who Tguetsmanm or who dominate them, "Itontnon" (the ethnic) which is represented in the past or in the future as if they constitute a natural group. [.. .] ".
The crown Grnfeild rewritten: "democracy in the world appeared under the form of nationalism, are included in the idea of the nation, such as a butterfly cocoon."
More than a century Tnta researchers and philosophers to discuss the issue of the nation, without success in finding a satisfactory answer from everyone.
The reader to wait until the second chapter "Myth - history in the beginning God created the people," to enter the heart of the matter. It was not to be invoked to declare the independence of the State of "Israel": "The land of" Israel "is the place where he was raised Jewish people. Here, nature, spiritual, religious and national security. And here completed its independence and creating a culture of total tonnage of national and universal and the granting of the Torah Eternal for the whole world."
While the great philosopher Baruch Spinoza asserts that the first five books of Moses, not written by Moses, but whether it was written by a writer came several centuries after Moses.
Here commencing myth. "But we must remember that the" truth "Biblical cleared Mgia were not universal to human history, but the Chronicle has become a holy people, by reading the recent Mwalimnp of the Bible," the first nation "in the history of mankind.."
Writer reviews historical writings on the Jewish question, and finds, through a vast amount of references and referrals, it was too late, "after 1600 years (after Moses) had decided to theological Jack Boznag, a region of Normandy, and settled in Rotterdam, writing" The History of Religion the Jews.. "
But many of the studies and research on the Jewish question, which was carried out by intellectuals and historians, the Jews, especially in Germany, were not aimed at not "give a value for this research as a bridge additional permit the integration of the Jewish community in the community of Germany is coming.", Which "must Altzkiron the beginnings of the writing of history Jewish in the modern era is not characterized by the letter of a national firm. ", but what is not should not be unthinkable, which is emphasized by the author strongly is that" there was a beginning, a close relationship between the perception of the Bible as a historical document fixed and the attempt to define the Jewish identity expressions of modern nationalism and pre-national ". Old Testament: "The Myth of history" play book "History of the Jews since ancient times to today" to Hernic Gritz, which appeared in the fifties of the nineteenth century a major role in shaping the national identity of the Jews. "The origins of this book renewed, written gift of great moral, its impact on historical writing Jewish length of the twentieth century." It is difficult, estimates of the author, "to know how much influence the formation of awareness of the Zionist next, but there is no doubt that the role was great and centrally. "lies its strength, as we read in the book in being inspired even the Zionist ideology in Palestine.
Although this book does not give much importance to describe the history of the Jews of Eastern Europe, the nationalist intellectuals, the first in the Russian Empire read it eagerly and quickly. (...) And use the book, later, by the leaders of the Zionist settlers in Palestine Mrttbt link in the depths of time. These days, carrying many of the schools in "Israel" name Gritz, and there an article in the general history about the Jews than to quote him. " What is the reason on the importance placed on this book? Reason for this widespread impact, in the eyes of the writer, is clear: "It's about the first book made the author efforts with perseverance and inducing of souls to the invention of the Jewish people. (...) The Gritz, and not someone else , although it was not a Zionist, is the manufacture of the Zionist to write a history of "the Jews." He succeeded in establishing Tail uniform creator, despite the complexities, historical continuity to maintain control on its unity ", in order to awaken the national feeling, ie,the collective identity of modern mythology must attend and with a finality. Myth Foundation granted of course, before a world script biblical become part of the most historical and narrative in the second half of the nineteenth century, a living legend, especially in the eyes of educated Jews from Central Europe, and this in spite of the arrows that were directed by the Monetary philological.
Writes Gritz in his above-mentioned: "History of the Jews": "Jews do not walk in this country (Palestine), in order to look for pasture, and stay in peace, side by side with the sponsors of others. That demands more sublime: they are demanding all the land Canaan. This land contains the graves of their ancestors. "
And deals with the writer to the author of another Jew, Moses Hess, the author of "Rome and Jerusalem last question nationalities" (Paris, 1881), Gritz is talking about Hamas. It said he had learned that "even after the end of the Talmud, the Jewish history," maintain the national character, not be reduced at all to the history of religion, or date range ", and see Hess that the source of the conflict between Jews and non-Jews lies in the fact that the first form since the start set different genetic. He writes: "the Jewish race is the race net produced a total printing and its properties in spite of the various impacts of climate", and goes beyond the theories of ethnicity to the following conclusion: "We will benefit Jews in anything denial of their assets and they were being baptized Christian and involvement in a cluster of peoples Hindi Germanic and Mongolian . The characteristics of the Jewish does not erase. "
Gritz believes that it can not deny the existence of the peoples of the defunct disappeared from history and the presence of other people are immortal. Nothing remains of the Hellenic race, nor of the Latin race, I have Maba in entities other human. The Jewish race, has always managed to stay alive, and is about to stoke her childhood biblical miracle. "The new ozone emissions" (ie, race) after the exile of Babylon and the return to Zion, a sign that has a potent force and slow the birth of new ones.
It is true that Gritz was not a Zionist, but it is easy to use by the Zionist ideology.
"The finality of the nation is chosen, when Gritz, a moral rather than political, carrying with it remnants of the dust of a traditional faith in its disintegration," was Gritz, as is the case all the historians of the nineteenth century, supporters of the national idea, was the view that the history of "nation "Sexy to Hamas and has no counterpart in the other place.
Then reviews the author's other books were not attached to the National Jewish great importance. Including Baron, author of "history" of Israel "." The Baron when he speaks about the destruction of the Temple and exile, identified Bernp neutral, sometimes tinged Bernp of satisfaction: "From now on no longer necessary to stay in the land of" Israel "or under the authority of" Israel "so that is a Jew."
Keen Baron in his books to find a balance between ethnic Central and awareness of the origin of a common spiritual special, which is at the heart of determining the Jewish one hand, and universal humanism carried by the Jewish people, in his view, in exile towards the "diaspora", on the other.
We must remember that "ethnic" Judaism, has, not a culture of simple religious, and secular culture a reality, but a kind of "lifestyle" There are over a system of beliefs and religious beliefs. It reflects the position the root said: "dated exile Jewish he has to discover the Biblical era internal forces that allowed the Jews to Itobdoa in different circumstances and changing the following periods. The Baron finds in the first chapters of a history of "Israel" has the same plan no permanent solution, later, the date of the diaspora to this day.
And so block the path of understanding organic, "summarizes the author of this chapter, which overflows Balmarjaiat and citations and the names of the following:" The Torah, which were considered for many centuries by the three cultures of the religion monotheistic Judaism, Christianity and Islam, as a book sacred dictated by the Lord, as my revelation and their superiority, beginning to Slowly, with the advent of the first buds of the idea of modern nationalism is used as a book written by men in the past to recreate the past, "he says," and also tried this chapter to highlight it with the expansion of the writing of history on the history of the emergence of Zionism, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the Torah played, clearly, a major role in the formation of the modern Jewish nation.
There is no presence of the Jews as a people, this is the essence of the book "How was the invention of the Jewish people?" (Issued by the House Fallar in Paris) of the historian and university professor, "Israel" Shlomo Sand, which was based on a set of circumstances most ancient and religious, in order to prove his point which was subjected to severe criticism and contempt by the Zionists.
Wrote one critic, author of "How was the invention of the Jewish people?" As follows: "Everyone remembers that some Almlfozat Scandals: only a rumor coming from Europe to the gas chambers never existed, while the second rumor coming from the Arab world say that the Jewish temple in Jerusalem from the invention of the Zionist settlers, although the Koran describes Jesus he prayed, standing. but with the century to come, which announces himself as scary to see that these are only Alnvien Tveselin.
Book Shlomo Sand, "How was the invention of the Zionist people, from the Torah to Zionism," solve the issue once and for all. The Jewish people does not exist: What a divine surprise ", there is no greater simplification of this book, its pages sprinkled with references, references and sources of value. Deployment Information:
Book Title: How was the invention of the Jewish people. Authors: Shlomo Sand. Publisher: Dar Fallar, Paris. Translation and presentation: Bashir al-Bakr. Number of Pages: 446 pages.
The Invention of the Jewish People Order it Now from Amazon Jews did not constitute a day ethnic carrier for the origin and Ahdbiv this author criticizing Shlomo Sand: "It is useful to play the role of the archaeological to make the Western Wall, an extension of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, because if the Jewish people is only an invention in the nineteenth century under Alparadigm west of the state - the nation, if issue and found a solution. Some people are able to conclude that it is natural for the people does not exist to invent myths to the end to confirm the existence of a spurious ".
Coming Shlomo Sand, this question is embarrassing, which generates a generic set of questions, which could destabilize the official view, which brought the Jews to the ranks of the vision of God: How was the invention of the Jewish people?
Will it be the Jewish people? To this question is trying to make a new answer. Contrary to popular notion, the Jews of the diaspora were not born the expulsion of the Hebrews from Palestine, but from the Judaization of sequence in North Africa and southern Europe and the Middle East. Which shook the foundations of Zionist thinking, who wants to convince us that the Jews are the sons of the Kingdom of David and not the heirs of the Berber warriors or Khazar horsemen. Identity, movement and land Moaudpeptdi book from the author's recognition that this is not purely Tkhieli never work. "It aspires to be a book with a historical character," however, goes, several Mgyat fueled by memories of the imagination the same as giving some freedom to some degree, the writer reviews some of the stories about the families who brought the Zionist movement in order to build a state "of Israel." And filled Balnuadr which reveals that the Jewish character of the state was not at all clear, especially since many of the new arrivals were Christians, many of whom were atheists and anarchists.
Interestingly, the author reviews the dialogue between the user Jew in occupied Palestine and expatriate New Spain. Asks the user a newcomer: Q: Are you a Jew?
I never did not let the Jews. * You must change what appears on the card of your identity.
There was no problem, do that. * Of any nationality are you?
(Reluctantly) the nationality of the "Israeli". * Impossible, this does not exist. Said user. And why?
* Because there is no national identity "Israeli". Tell me where were you born?
In Barcelona. * If you are the nationality of Ispainp? User said, smiling. Not. I'm not Spain. I am Catalan, and I refuse to be a documentary as a Ispain. I have fought for this reason with my father in years thirties.
Knit user ignorant forehead, did not have historical information, but I respect people: "So, we will write:" Nationality Catalan " The person's reply was: "Amazing." Making fun of the author of this behavior and comments: "This was" Israel "the first country in the world recognizes, officially, Catalan nationality." User accountability continue to newcomer: * Now, what is your religion, sir?
I am an atheist. * I can not write this. State of "Israel" did not expect this selection. What is the religion of your mother?
When she left, she was still a Catholic. * If you write: "Christian religion," said the user, with satisfaction.
The response of connecting the new was sharp and firmly: "I do not want a national identity card written on the back that I am a Christian. Not only because it's contrary to my convictions, but also abuses the memory of my father, who was chaotic and burned many of the churches during the civil war," and follow the researcher reviewed the reminiscences and his wits are talking to us about two people from the other party, Palestinian Arab, any of the "local population", as some describe. Both men, named Mahmoud. Born in Jaffa year 1945, not destiny fate of those who were expelled to Gaza, and emerged with others in the "alleys poor town which was settled in full by Jewish immigrants. Unlike their relatives in the Triangle and the Galilee, the Palestinians in Jaffa have been isolated and few in number" The number of indigenous people was a little so that he could not develop a culture of independent, and the new population of immigrants refused to integrate. "and here it was the Communist Party," Israel "is the only recourse," To get out of the ghetto Arab Jaffa. "
Thanks to the Communist Party and ideological upbringing Mahmoud relationship associated with a strong friendship with a Jew and his family that he would have called "Moshe", but named Mahmoud. And was sometimes deceived by a lot of sellers are Jews, but quickly regains his name "Mahmoud" when he feels a wound to pride.
Fortunately Mahmoud, because of his Arab, had not been called up for military service in what was called his friend, a Jew. But a friend came out of the Jewish military service more involved in life, "Israel", which was forced to emigrate to Mahmoud many European countries before settling in Stockholm and stops, a long time ago on the dream of days to respond to those calls as "Moshe".
The Mahmud II, who reminded him of the author, was born in a small village, no longer exist, now, in 1941. In 1948 became a refugee, the family fled to Lebanon, but after a year, has managed the family on the night of torrid to sneak back to Palestine, it landed with relatives in a new village in the Galilee. And so it was Mahmud, and during many years, is one of the "present - absent" by the authorities, "Israel." That is why he, a boy, obsessed with dreams and imagination shine, who did not stop witness to his teachers and his companions. As he did, "Mahmoud," I, he joined the Communist Party of Mahmud II, "Israel" and became a journalist and poet. And went to live in the city of Haifa, which was then the largest city of mixed Jewish and Arab, "Israel." In the year, 1964 has issued a bold poem entitled "Identity Card" Hamas ignited an entire generation of Arabs. "Register, I am an Arab, My number fifty thousand, .... Etc. " End up Mahmoud, who is here the late great Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish, until "Israel", or occupied Palestine, as opposed to the various, from Arab to European, before returning to the West Bank. Was allowed after the signing of the Oslo Accords to return to Ramallah. And refused to allow him to return to "Israel" only once during the funeral of a friend. "But he was not carrying explosives was able, then, do some additional happen at the flash."
Here are pictures of the new Jewish state, but also recognizes the pervasive Zionist author, and therefore write the history of a real or a different date for the official remains a difficult issue. "The history of a new Jewish, away from the prism glass Zionist, not an easy undertaking. The light that break down when receiving uninterrupted color ethnic strong central government. Must be to the reader to know this fact: This study is a thesis believes that the Jews have always comprised the religious groups the task of emerged or stabilized in various regions of the world, but it did not constitute a carrier for the same ethnic origin, the sole, which can be moved during the wandering and exile permanent. not about the facts of the incidents here, but essentially a critique of the historical speech usual.
This leads from time to time, to provide three Mgyat alternative. The development of copyright in the question posed by the head of Marcel Detiaan, in his book: "How can we be indigenous people?" (Dar Swe Paris 2003) is: "How can the dismantling of national dates patriotism?" How can we stop frequenting the same roads, paved, for the most part, with materials crossed, in the past, the dreams of nationalism?
Evoked by a variety of theories about the state of the nation, he says, "The birth of a nation is of course the path of truly historic, but not the phenomenon of spontaneous in a net. In order to strengthen the sense of the abstract to meet the group, the nation was in need, such as the congregation before it, the rituals and festivals , ceremonies and legends. In order to define itself and melt in the heart of one entity, are in need of public cultural activities and continuous addition to the invention of a collective memory standard.
A new set of standards and practices were also essential for the formation of dead - an awareness of, what kind of a unifying ideology, which is a national doctrine. "The author finds that" the disruption caused by the update separate humans from the immediate past. Ease of movement caused by industrialization and urbanization not only break the solid social typesetting of the old regime, but also broke the continuity of traditional circular and between past, present and future. Agricultural producers were not to have a special need to the history of kingdoms and empires and the UAE. Did not need to date an expanded groups that do not have any interest in time the abstract is not linked to perceived their lives. Deprived of vision development, they are just Bmkhial religious component of the mosaic of memories, without a real concept of movement within the time. Beginning and the end were identical, and immortality was used as bridge between life and death.
Volatile in the modern world and the secular, became the time the main focus for the conduct of the symbolic imagination emotional social awareness. Time in the historic dimension of transformation to a intimate of personal identity and collective narrative planning grant is significant for national existence, which awarded the victims of numerous requests. The suffering of the past justify the price required by the citizens in the present. The Championship is the times that have nothing to bright future, if not for the individual, at least, in certain, for the nation.The national idea has become, with the assistance of historians, ideologically optimistic by nature. Hence comes, in particular, its success. "
The dream in the state meant an important stage of development of writers of history as it means the path of modernization. These dreams started to unravel in the break-up towards the end of the twentieth century. He has a growing number of historians to analyze and explain and "dismantle" Mahkiat Grand National and in particular the common origin myths, which was packed, to that time, the facts of the past. Is it not useful to add that the secularization of history took place under the effects of the rise of cultural globalization that forms six Boss unexpected in the total Western world?
The nightmares Alhoiatip give the place yesterday, today, the dreams of other identity. And along the lines of each character is made of the identities and diverse Mnsabp, history, too, the identity of mobile. And spoken to the reader that our proposed lighting, this human dimension and social buried in the depths of history.
The waged in the history of the Jews in particular away from Mahkiat accepted so far. This does not mean, of course, that he (date) or deprived of self that the author believed himself free from all ideological deviation. That, any author, wishes, in a deliberate, to provide brief descriptions of the history of anti-will come, perhaps, in the creation of a vaccine Makrati of a new type. Any memory and conscious of the fact that relative and her carrier, which envisages the identities of local meat in the process of forming, a comprehensive and critical awareness of the past, in New Tail.
In the first chapter, entitled "the industry of nations. Sovereignty and equality" quotes author Bmwlven each of Etienne Balibar (Figure nation: history and ideology, 1988) and Leah Grnfeild (National. Ways five towards modernity, 1992). Says Balibar: "There is no nation has naturally ethnic base, but on how much a nation, the social forms of people who Thtwem, who Tguetsmanm or who dominate them, "Itontnon" (the ethnic) which is represented in the past or in the future as if they constitute a natural group. [.. .] ".
The crown Grnfeild rewritten: "democracy in the world appeared under the form of nationalism, are included in the idea of the nation, such as a butterfly cocoon."
More than a century Tnta researchers and philosophers to discuss the issue of the nation, without success in finding a satisfactory answer from everyone.
The reader to wait until the second chapter "Myth - history in the beginning God created the people," to enter the heart of the matter. It was not to be invoked to declare the independence of the State of "Israel": "The land of" Israel "is the place where he was raised Jewish people. Here, nature, spiritual, religious and national security. And here completed its independence and creating a culture of total tonnage of national and universal and the granting of the Torah Eternal for the whole world."
While the great philosopher Baruch Spinoza asserts that the first five books of Moses, not written by Moses, but whether it was written by a writer came several centuries after Moses.
Here commencing myth. "But we must remember that the" truth "Biblical cleared Mgia were not universal to human history, but the Chronicle has become a holy people, by reading the recent Mwalimnp of the Bible," the first nation "in the history of mankind.."
Writer reviews historical writings on the Jewish question, and finds, through a vast amount of references and referrals, it was too late, "after 1600 years (after Moses) had decided to theological Jack Boznag, a region of Normandy, and settled in Rotterdam, writing" The History of Religion the Jews.. "
But many of the studies and research on the Jewish question, which was carried out by intellectuals and historians, the Jews, especially in Germany, were not aimed at not "give a value for this research as a bridge additional permit the integration of the Jewish community in the community of Germany is coming.", Which "must Altzkiron the beginnings of the writing of history Jewish in the modern era is not characterized by the letter of a national firm. ", but what is not should not be unthinkable, which is emphasized by the author strongly is that" there was a beginning, a close relationship between the perception of the Bible as a historical document fixed and the attempt to define the Jewish identity expressions of modern nationalism and pre-national ". Old Testament: "The Myth of history" play book "History of the Jews since ancient times to today" to Hernic Gritz, which appeared in the fifties of the nineteenth century a major role in shaping the national identity of the Jews. "The origins of this book renewed, written gift of great moral, its impact on historical writing Jewish length of the twentieth century." It is difficult, estimates of the author, "to know how much influence the formation of awareness of the Zionist next, but there is no doubt that the role was great and centrally. "lies its strength, as we read in the book in being inspired even the Zionist ideology in Palestine.
Although this book does not give much importance to describe the history of the Jews of Eastern Europe, the nationalist intellectuals, the first in the Russian Empire read it eagerly and quickly. (...) And use the book, later, by the leaders of the Zionist settlers in Palestine Mrttbt link in the depths of time. These days, carrying many of the schools in "Israel" name Gritz, and there an article in the general history about the Jews than to quote him. " What is the reason on the importance placed on this book? Reason for this widespread impact, in the eyes of the writer, is clear: "It's about the first book made the author efforts with perseverance and inducing of souls to the invention of the Jewish people. (...) The Gritz, and not someone else , although it was not a Zionist, is the manufacture of the Zionist to write a history of "the Jews." He succeeded in establishing Tail uniform creator, despite the complexities, historical continuity to maintain control on its unity ", in order to awaken the national feeling, ie,the collective identity of modern mythology must attend and with a finality. Myth Foundation granted of course, before a world script biblical become part of the most historical and narrative in the second half of the nineteenth century, a living legend, especially in the eyes of educated Jews from Central Europe, and this in spite of the arrows that were directed by the Monetary philological.
Writes Gritz in his above-mentioned: "History of the Jews": "Jews do not walk in this country (Palestine), in order to look for pasture, and stay in peace, side by side with the sponsors of others. That demands more sublime: they are demanding all the land Canaan. This land contains the graves of their ancestors. "
And deals with the writer to the author of another Jew, Moses Hess, the author of "Rome and Jerusalem last question nationalities" (Paris, 1881), Gritz is talking about Hamas. It said he had learned that "even after the end of the Talmud, the Jewish history," maintain the national character, not be reduced at all to the history of religion, or date range ", and see Hess that the source of the conflict between Jews and non-Jews lies in the fact that the first form since the start set different genetic. He writes: "the Jewish race is the race net produced a total printing and its properties in spite of the various impacts of climate", and goes beyond the theories of ethnicity to the following conclusion: "We will benefit Jews in anything denial of their assets and they were being baptized Christian and involvement in a cluster of peoples Hindi Germanic and Mongolian . The characteristics of the Jewish does not erase. "
Gritz believes that it can not deny the existence of the peoples of the defunct disappeared from history and the presence of other people are immortal. Nothing remains of the Hellenic race, nor of the Latin race, I have Maba in entities other human. The Jewish race, has always managed to stay alive, and is about to stoke her childhood biblical miracle. "The new ozone emissions" (ie, race) after the exile of Babylon and the return to Zion, a sign that has a potent force and slow the birth of new ones.
It is true that Gritz was not a Zionist, but it is easy to use by the Zionist ideology.
"The finality of the nation is chosen, when Gritz, a moral rather than political, carrying with it remnants of the dust of a traditional faith in its disintegration," was Gritz, as is the case all the historians of the nineteenth century, supporters of the national idea, was the view that the history of "nation "Sexy to Hamas and has no counterpart in the other place.
Then reviews the author's other books were not attached to the National Jewish great importance. Including Baron, author of "history" of Israel "." The Baron when he speaks about the destruction of the Temple and exile, identified Bernp neutral, sometimes tinged Bernp of satisfaction: "From now on no longer necessary to stay in the land of" Israel "or under the authority of" Israel "so that is a Jew."
Keen Baron in his books to find a balance between ethnic Central and awareness of the origin of a common spiritual special, which is at the heart of determining the Jewish one hand, and universal humanism carried by the Jewish people, in his view, in exile towards the "diaspora", on the other.
We must remember that "ethnic" Judaism, has, not a culture of simple religious, and secular culture a reality, but a kind of "lifestyle" There are over a system of beliefs and religious beliefs. It reflects the position the root said: "dated exile Jewish he has to discover the Biblical era internal forces that allowed the Jews to Itobdoa in different circumstances and changing the following periods. The Baron finds in the first chapters of a history of "Israel" has the same plan no permanent solution, later, the date of the diaspora to this day.
And so block the path of understanding organic, "summarizes the author of this chapter, which overflows Balmarjaiat and citations and the names of the following:" The Torah, which were considered for many centuries by the three cultures of the religion monotheistic Judaism, Christianity and Islam, as a book sacred dictated by the Lord, as my revelation and their superiority, beginning to Slowly, with the advent of the first buds of the idea of modern nationalism is used as a book written by men in the past to recreate the past, "he says," and also tried this chapter to highlight it with the expansion of the writing of history on the history of the emergence of Zionism, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the Torah played, clearly, a major role in the formation of the modern Jewish nation.
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